Thujone is a ketone and a monoterpene that exists in two forms: alpha-thujone and beta-thujone. It is found in the essential oils of certain plants.
Thujone is prominently present in plants of the Artemisia genus, such as Artemisia absinthium (wormwood), which is a key ingredient in the production of absinthe.
Thujone gained notoriety due to its association with absinthe, a green spirit with a high alcohol content.
Thujone has been suggested to have neurotoxic effects, particularly at high concentrations. Early studies speculated that thujone might act similarly.
The regulation of thujone content in alcoholic beverages varies by country. In the European Union, the limit for thujone in beverages is restricted to 35 mg/kg,
Besides Artemisia species, thujone is found in trace amounts in various plants, including some species of Thuja (arborvitae), Salvia (sage).
Thujone contributes to the aroma and flavor profiles of plants in which it is found. The distinctive scent of wormwood, for example, is partly attributed to thujone.
Alpha-thujone and beta-thujone are structural isomers, meaning they have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms.
Some studies have explored the potential therapeutic effects of thujone, such as its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.